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Toxicology Centre

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Browsing Toxicology Centre by Author "Giesy, John"

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    Solid-liquid distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in primary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant
    (Elsevier, 2024-03-11) Oloye, Femi; Xie, Yuwei; Asadi, Mohsen; Karl Challis, Jonathan ; Osunla, Charles; Xia, Pu; Cantin, Jenna; Femi-Oloye, Oluwabunmi P.; Brinkmann, Markus; McPhedran, Kerry; Sadowski, Mike; Pandey, Sudhir; Jones, Paul; Mangat, Chand Singh; Servos, Mark; Giesy, John
    Distributions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and fecal viral biomarkers between solid and liquid phases of wastewater are largely unknown. Herein, distributions of SARS-CoV-2, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), and F-RNA bacteriophage group II (FRNAPH-II) were determined by viral RNA RT-qPCR. Comparison of viral recovery using three conventional fractionation methods included membrane filtration, a combination of mid-speed centrifugation and membrane filtration, and high-speed centrifugation. SARS-CoV-2 partitioned to the solids fraction in greater abundance compared to liquid fractions in a combination of mid-speed centrifugation and membrane filtration and high-speed centrifugation, but not in membrane filtration method in a particular assay, while fecal biomarkers (PMMoV and FRNAPH-II) exhibited the reciprocal relationship. The wastewater fractionation method had minimal effects on the solids-liquids distribution for all viral and phage markers tested; however, viral RNA load was significantly greater in solid–liquid fractions viral RNA loads compared with the than whole-wastewater PEG precipitation. A RNeasy PowerWater Kit with PCR inhibitor removal resulted in greater viral RNA loads and lesser PCR inhibition compared to a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit without PCR inhibitor removal. These results support the development of improved methods and interpretation of WBE of SARS-CoV-2.