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Biomedical Sciences

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https://hdl.handle.net/10388/12678
Biomedical Sciences is composed of two basic science departments: Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology; and Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology.

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Browsing Biomedical Sciences by Author "Gahramanov, Valid"

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    Cancer Cell’s Achilles Heels: Considerations for Design of Anti-Cancer Drug Combinations
    (International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024-12) Gahramanov, Valid; Vizeacoumar, Frederick Sagayaraj; Morales, Alain Morejon; Bonham, Keith; Sakharkar, Meena K.; Kumar, Santosh; Vizeacoumar, Franco; Freywald, Andrew; Sherman, Michael
    Loss of function screens using shRNA (short hairpin RNA) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) are routinely used to identify genes that modulate responses of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs. Here, by integrating GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) and CMAP (Connectivity Map) analyses of multiple published shRNA screens, we identified a core set of pathways that affect responses to multiple drugs with diverse mechanisms of action. This suggests that these pathways represent “weak points” or “Achilles heels”, whose mild disturbance should make cancer cells vulnerable to a variety of treatments. These “weak points” include proteasome, protein synthesis, RNA splicing, RNA synthesis, cell cycle, Akt-mTOR, and tight junction-related pathways. Therefore, inhibitors of these pathways are expected to sensitize cancer cells to a variety of drugs. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the diversity of drugs that synergize with FDA-approved inhibitors of the proteasome, RNA synthesis, and Akt-mTOR pathways. Indeed, the quantitative evaluation indicates that inhibitors of any of these signaling pathways can synergize with a more diverse set of pharmaceuticals, compared to compounds inhibiting targets distinct from the “weak points” pathways. Our findings described here imply that inhibitors of the “weak points” pathways should be considered as primary candidates in a search for synergistic drug combinations.