Browsing by Author "Schoenau, J.J."
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Item Addition of lime and gypsum to ethiopian soils to enable lentil growth(2013-03-05) Adane, A.; Schoenau, J.J.; Beyene, S.Item Addition of lime and gypsum to Ethiopian soils to enable lentil growth(2013-03-05) Adane, A.; Schoenau, J.J.; Beyene, S.Item Amending soil with combinations of biochar and manure: impacts on soil properties, barley yield, and nutrient uptake(2014-03-11) Hangs, R.D.; Schoenau, J.J.Item Antagonistic effect of copper and zinc in spring wheat under low phosphorus soil conditions(2017-03-06) Rahman, N.; Schoenau, J.J.Item Application of a mustard root bioassy to assess phytotoxicity of Group 2 herbicides(2004-02-19) Baillargeon, N.; Szmigielski, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Holm, R.Group 2 herbicides exhibit high bioactivity at low concentrations in soil and may persist into the next growing season causing crop injury. A bioassay that is suitable for the detection of a range of Group 2 herbicides was developed; in this bioassay, a root growth inhibition of oriental mustard is used for the determination of the herbicide concentration in soil. The Group 2 herbicides included were: Everest (flucarbazone-sodium), Frontline (florasulam), Sundance (sulfosulfuron), and Odyssey (imazamox + imazethapyr). This bioassay was used to examine the degree of root inhibition by simultaneous application of two Group 2 herbicides. Application of varying levels of flucarbazone or sulfosulfuron combined with Odyssey resulted in root length inhibition that was comparable to the root length inhibition caused by application of flucarbazone alone or sulfosulfuron alone and Odyssey alone, possibly indicating an additive effect of these pairs of herbicides. Further studies are needed to examine which combinations of Group 2 herbicides under what environmental and soil conditions may result in “stacking” causing increased plant injury.Item Are barley yields on eroded calcareous soils restricted by low zinc supply?(2002-02-20) Greer, K.J.; Schoenau, J.J.; Szmigielski, A.M.Calcareous knolls are often relatively unproductive locations in a field landscape. This may be attributed to lack of moisture as well as limited nutrient supplies. A growth chamber study was initiated to investigate the role of micronutrient deficiencies in yield limitations observed on calcareous knolls. Three rates of zinc (Zn) fertilizer were applied to calcareous soils collected from both an Asquith and Amulet association. In addition, macronutrients were applied in sufficient quantities as to not limit plant yields. Barley was grown in the treatments, harvested, and the treatments were compared. Results indicated a highly significant barley dry matter yield response to Zn fertilizer.Item Assessing chemical methods for estimating mineralizable nitrogen in Saskatchewan soils(1995-02-23) Jalil, A.; Campbell, C.A.; Henry, L.; Schoenau, J.J.; Beckie, H.An experiment was conducted to correlate the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (NO) in Saskatchewan soils with chemical extractant. An array of soils (129) representing all soil zones, soil textures and crop management practices and varying in soil organic C from 1.0 to 6.3% and pH from 5.1 to 7.8 were used in this study. The two chemical solutions used to extract ammonium (NH4 ) in soil were, hot 2 M KCI and phosphate-borate buffer at pH 11.2. The NH4 extracted with the hot KCI method provided a better index of available N in soil than the phosphate-borate buffer method. The KCI method was highly correlated with net N mineralized over 24 weeks under aerobic conditions at 35 °C. Although, the KCl method was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with NO (r2 = 0.53**) it was better correlated with the product of No, and the rate constant (k) (initial potential rate of N mineralization) (r2 = 0.80***). The KCl method may not be a good indicator of NO for some soils in the Black soil zones and soils recently fertilized with farmyard manure. Because several studies have shown that N,k is a very good index of the N-supplying power of soils and is closely related to grain yields, we believe that the KCl method may have great potential for use in soil testing labs to make more precise N fertilizer recommendations to producers. This is particularly true for more humid environments where the NO3 test is not appropriate.Item Assessing nutrient availability variations in landscapes(1994-02-24) Qian, P.; Schoenau, J.J.; Cowell, L.E.; Dennis, L.A simple method was developed to assess the variability in nutrient availability in undulating landscapes using anion-exchange resin strip burial. Resin strips were buried in ten farm fields along transects at points in the landscape representing different landform elements present within the field. In all ten fields, strips were buried for one hour. In two of the fields, in addition to a one hour burial, another set of resin strips was buried and allowed to remain in the soil for two weeks. After burial, resin strips were removed and the nitrate accumulated on the strips was measured. Large variations in nutrient availability as predicted by resin strip burial were observed in the landscapes. The differences were closely related to the landscape position and landform element with the highest levels of available nitrate observed at lower slope positions where deposition of eroded soil has occurred. Two week burials revealed that mineralization contributes significantly to available nitrate in the soil. Resin strip burial appears to be a suitable tool for evaluating variations in nutrient availability in different landscape positions of a field.Item Assessing soil K supply capacity for wheat growth(1997-02-20) Qian, P.; Schoenau, J.J.; Greer, K.J.; Li, G.Item Assessment of elemental S-sludge mixtures and waste gypsum as fertilizer sources(1995-02-23) Sulewski, G.D.; Schoenau, J.J.Two separate studies (soil incubation and growth chamber) were used to assess the release of plant available sulfate from two alternative sulfur sources: (1) combinations of finely ground elemental sulfur, dried digested sewage sludge, and lime, and (2) waste gypsum. Bulk mixtures were created and subjected to a elemental-S oxidation stimulating period. Preparation of waste gypsum involved flail grinding of waste wallboard and sieving through a standard 2 mm sieve. All fertilizer treatments were subsequently added to soil at a rate of 100 ug S g-1 soil. The soil incubation parameters assessed included 0.01M CaCl2 extractable sulfate, and anion exchange membrane (AEM-exchangeable sulfate accumulation over time. The growth chamber study parameters included plant S uptake, residual soil sulfate and canola Brassica napus) yield. Results suggest an enhancement of elemental-S oxidation with addition of sewage sludge and lime as indicated by higher cumulative sulfate recoveries and plant yield. The potential exists for improving both the effectiveness and handling ease of finely ground elemental-S. Waste gypsum performance suggests intermediate release rates compared to conventional sulfate sources, but also points to a fertilizer less susceptible to gaseous and leaching losses under conditions of excess moisture.Item Assessment of the fertilizer potential of distillers' grains from wheat-based ethanol production(2014-03-11) Alotaib, K.D.; Schoenau, J.J.A surplus of distillers’ grain resulting from rapid expansion in biofuel production has led to interest in finding alternative uses for this co-product apart from its traditional use as an animal feed. Land application to agricultural soil in order to recycle the nutrients is one potential use. In this study we evaluated the effect of a single application of wet wheat distillers’ grain (WDG) on crop yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in a three-year canola-wheat-canola rotation in southern Saskatchewan. The experimental treatments included a single application of WDG at a rate of 100 kg N ha-1 in comparison to urea applied at the same rate of N along with an unfertilized control. In the first year, WDG produced a canola yield of 1266 kg ha-1 that was significantly higher than the urea treatment. The WDG treatment resulted in higher plant N uptake that was 59 % higher than the control, but was 20 % less than that observed in the urea treatment, indicating that only a portion of the applied N in the WDG was available for recovery. Higher yield of WDG is attributed to a benefit of other nutrients in addition to N. Both WDG and urea treatments had a significant effect on plant P uptake in the first year. The residual effect of WDG addition on crop parameters in the second and third years was mainly limited to enhancement of plant P uptake. Overall, the WDG applied at the same rate of N was as effective in increasing crop yield as urea.Item Assessment of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides(2015-03-16) Szmigielski, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Beckie, H.J.Item Availability of soil nitrogen released from pea and lentil residue to subsequent cereal crops under reduced tillage(1998-02-19) Adderley, D.R.; Schoenau, J.J.; Holm, F.A.The release of N from legume crop residues in the field can potentially be an important nutrient source for succeeding cereal crops, particularly in soils which are N deficient. Field studies were conducted in 1996 on two soils of contrasting textures in the Dark Brown Soil Zone of Saskatchewan, a 1) Sutherland clay loam (Kernen), and a 2) Bradwell sandy loam (Goodale), which were previously cropped to pea and lentil in order to compare the effects of legume stubble type on soil N supply. Spring wheat was direct seeded in 1997 in order to compare yields and crop N uptake on pea and lentil stubble. Pre-seeding soil samples were taken and analyzed for NH, and NO,. Pre-seeding available N amounts were significantly greater at Kernen, corresponding to higher organic matter levels. Supply rates of NO, during the growing season were measured using anion exchange resin membranes (PRS- probes). Higher overall supply rates were measured at Kernen as compared to Goodale, while significantly greater supply rates on pea stubble were observed at Goodale only. Both wheat yield and N uptake were significantly greater at Kernen as a function of higher N availability. Mean N uptake and yields were generally higher under pea stubble than lentil at both sites but not significantly different at the 10% level.Item Balancing the availability of nutrients in manured soils(2003-02-18) Schoenau, J.J.; Mooleki, S.P.; Qian, P.; Malhi, S.S.Item Bioactivity and dissipation of pyroxasulfone herbicide in Saskatchewan soils(2013-03-05) Szmigielski, A.; Schoenau, J.J.; Johnson, E.Item A bioassay for detection of group 2 herbicides(2007-03-01) Szmigielski, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Irvine, A.; Schilling, B.Item Bioavailability of metsulfuron and sulfentrazone herbicides in soil as affected by amendment with two contrasting willow biochars(2018-03-06) Szmigielski, A.M.; Hangs, R.D.; Schoenau, J.J.Item Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of cereals at different growth stages in the parkland region of Saskatchewan(2004-02-19) Malhi, S.S.; Johnston, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Wang, Z.H.Field experiments were conducted with spring wheat (cv. AC Barrie - CWRS and cv. AC Taber - CPS), barley (cv. AC Oxbow - malt and cv. AC Lacombe - feed) and oats (cv. CDC Boyer or CDC Pacer) in 1998 and 1999 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake in cereal crops at different growth stages, and their relationship. All cereal crops followed a similar pattern of biomass and nutrient accumulation, which increased at early growth stages, reached at maximum and then decreased at late growth stages. Cereal crops usually reached their maximum biomass at late milk to full ripening stages (72-90 days after emergence), although some cultivars had a several days difference between the two years. Maximum biomass accumulation rate was 164-204 kg ha-1d-1 for wheat, 211-308 kg ha-1d-1 for barley and 185-217g ha-1d-1 for oats. Maximum uptake of nutrients usually occurred at beginning of flower to late milk (63-82 days after emergence) in both years. Maximum accumulation rate of N, P, K and S was 2.0-4.7, 0.3-0.4, 2.4-5.1 and 0.3-0.5 kg ha-1d-1 for wheat, 2.4-5.2, 0.3-0.5, 3.1-7.6 and 0.4-0.8 kg ha-1d-1 for barley, and 2.7-3.6, 0.3, 4.2-4.7 and 0.4-0.5 kg ha-1d-1 for oats, respectively. Both seed yield and nutrient uptake were lower in 1999 than in 1998, due to differences in weather conditions in the growing season in the two years. In summary, maximum nutrient accumulation rate occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate, and maximum nutrient uptake occurred earlier than maximum biomass. This indicates that in order to get high seed yields, there should be sufficient supply of nutrients to ensure higher nutrient uptake rate at tillering to stem elongation growth stage first, then a higher biomass accumulation rate at early to late boot growth stage, a greater nutrient uptake at beginning of flower to late milk growth stage, and a greater biomass at late milk to full ripening growth stage. This also suggests that sufficient supply of nutrients from soil/fertilizers at early growth stages is of great importance for high-yield crop production systems.Item Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of oilseeds at different growth stages in the parkland region of Saskatchewan(2004-02-19) Malhi, S.S.; Johnston, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Wang, Z.H.Field experiments were conducted with canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa, cv. Quantum and Tobin), mustard (cv. AC Vulcan) and flax (cv. Norlin) in 1998 and 1999 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine biomass and nutrient accumulation in oilseeds at different growth stages and their relationship to seed yield. In general, all oilseed crops followed a similar pattern in biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake, which increased at early growth stages, reached maximum and then decreased at late growth stages. Oilseed crops usually reached their maximum biomass at medium to end of pod forming growth stages (74-80 days after emergence), although Quest canola cultivar had a several day delay at early ripening stage (84 days after emergence) in 1998. Maximum biomass accumulation rate was 146-190 kg ha-1d-1 for canola, 158-182 kg ha-1d-1 for mustard and 174-189 kg ha-1d-1 for flax. Maximum nutrient uptake usually occurred at flowering to seed filling stage (59-85 days after emergence. Maximum nutrient uptake rate for N, P, K, S and B, respectively, was 2.3-4.5, 0.3-0.5, 2.5-5.7, 0.7-1.1 and 0.005-0.008 kg ha-1d-1 for canola, 2.3-3.9, 0.4-0.5, 2.6-4.9, 1.2-1.4 and 0.006-0.008 kg ha-1d-1 for mustard and 3.2-4.0, 0.3-0.4, 2.9-4.1, 0.3-0.5 and 0.004-0.009 kg ha-1d-1 for flax. Both seed yield and nutrient uptake in seed were lower in 1999 than in 1998, due to differences in weather conditions in the growing season in the two years. In summary, maximum nutrient accumulation rate occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate, and maximum nutrient uptake was earlier than maximum biomass. This indicates that in order to get high seed yields, there should be sufficient supply of nutrients to plants to ensure higher nutrient uptake rate at side shooting to bud forming stage, and then a greater biomass accumulation rate at early to late bud forming stage. This further suggests that adequate supply of nutrients from soil/fertilizers at early growth stages is of great importance for high-yield crop production systems.Item Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of pulses at different growth stages in the parkland region of Saskatchewan(2004-02-19) Malhi, S.S.; Johnston, A.M.; Schoenau, J.J.; Wang, Z.H.Field experiments was conducted with pea (cv. Carnival and Swing), lentil (cv. Laird and CDC Milstone) and bean (cv. CDC Camino) in 1998 and 1999 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine biomass and nutrient accumulation in pulses at different growth stage and their relationship to seed yield. Pulse crops followed a similar pattern in dry matter and nutrient accumulation, which increased at early growth stages, reached maximum and then decreased at late growth stages. Pulse crops usually reached their maximum biomass at medium pod forming to early seed filling stages (75-82 days after emergence). Maximum biomass accumulation rate was 175-215 kg ha-1d-1 for pea, 109-140 kg ha-1d-1 for lentil and 53 kg ha-1d-1 for bean. Maximum uptake of nutrients usually occurred at flowering to seed filling stages (59-85 days after emergence). Maximum accumulation rate of N, P, K and S, respectively, was 4.6-4.9, 0.4-0.5, 5.0-5.3 and 0.3 kg ha-1d-1 for pea, 2.4-3.8, 0.2-0.3, 2.0-3.4 and 0.2 kg ha-1d-1 for lentil and 1.1, 0.1, 1.5 and 0.1 kg ha-1d-1 for bean. Both seed yield and nutrient uptake in seed were lower in 1999 than in 1998, due to differences in weather conditions in the growing seasons in the two years. In summary, maximum nutrient accumulation rate occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate, and maximum nutrient uptake was earlier than maximum biomass. This indicates that in order to get high seed yields, there should be sufficient supply of nutrients to plants to ensure higher nutrient uptake rate at side shooting to bud forming stage, and then a greater biomass accumulation rate at early to late bud forming stage. This further suggests that adequate supply of nutrients from soil/fertilizers at early growth stages is of great importance for high-yield crop production systems.