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One Health

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https://hdl.handle.net/10388/14357
Health for all species is inextricably linked to challenges such as emerging diseases, water and food safety, and environmental degradation. We are working to develop scientific, public health and policy approaches that integrate human, animal and ecosystem health.

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Browsing One Health by Subject "Canada"

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    Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in British Columbia, Canada
    (Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2024-12-26) Leon, Melissa; Rubin, Joseph; Raverty, Stephen; Ghosh, Kazal
    Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria responsible for clinical bovine mastitis globally, leading to significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Antimicrobials used to treat and prevent mastitis can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. aureus. We retrospectively evaluated AMR of S. aureus isolates from clinical bovine mastitis cases submitted to the Animal Health Centre in British Columbia from 2013 to May 2024. S. aureus was isolated from 15.0% of submitted bovine milk samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 611 of 1,347 S. aureus isolates. No methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were detected based on cefoxitin susceptibility test results, which is encouraging. The highest frequencies of resistance were found for penicillin (46.6%) and ampicillin (42.1%). The lowest frequencies of resistance were to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (0.2% each) and cephalothin (0.3%). AMR trends over our study period were generally stable, except for penicillin and ampicillin; penicillin resistance increased from 15.2% to 71.1%, and ampicillin resistance increased from 18.2% to 70.1%. The information in our study could help guide clinicians when choosing antimicrobial treatments to treat mastitis caused by S. aureus, particularly in the province of British Columbia. Because S. aureus has a broad host range and is of importance to both human and veterinary medicine, continued monitoring to detect the emergence of resistance is warranted.
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    The distribution of Babesia odocoilei in Ixodes species ticks in Canada: Implications for one health surveillance
    (Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2024-11) Guillot, Camille; Pelletier, Jerome; Aenishaenslin, Cécile; Coatsworth, Heather; Dibernardo, Antonia; Koffi, Jules K.; Kulkarni, Manisha; Rocheleau, Jean-Philippe; Wilson, Christy; Russell, Curtis; Nelder, Mark; Badcock, Jacqueline; Carr, Justin; Checkley, Sylvia; Clow, Katie M; Cooper, Stephanie; Cork, Susan; Dumas, Ariane; Dergousoff, Shaun; Faraone, Nicoletta; Fraser, Erin; Graham-Derham, Scott; irace cima, alejandra; Iwasawa, Stefan; Jenkins, Emily; Leighton, Patrick; McKay, Roman; Morshed, Muhammad; Pelletier, Roxane; Ripoche, Marion; Rochon, Kateryn; Thivierge, Karine; Voordouw, Maarten; Ogden, Nicholas H; Bouchard, Catherine
    Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are vectors of a range of pathogens of public health significance in North America. These ticks transmit pathogens to and from wild animal reservoir host species, but also bite humans and expose them to the pathogens. We describe the geographical and temporal distribution of the pathogen Babesia odocoilei, the causative agent of cervid babesiosis. Ixodes spp. ticks collected through active and passive surveillance were submitted to the National Microbiology Laboratory of the Public Health Agency of Canada for analysis of the presence of B. odocoilei from 2018 to 2021. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the temporal change of B. odocoilei prevalence across Canada. Babesia odocoilei-positive I. scapularis are widespread across south-central and eastern regions of Canada, with an overall prevalence of 12.0 % in both nymphs (CI 95 % : 11.4–12.6) and adults (CI 95 % : 11.9–12.1) collected in passive surveillance and 13.2 % (CI 95 % : 12.9–13.5) and 10.0 % (CI 95 % : 9.8–10.2) in nymphs and adult, respectively, collected in active surveillance. A single I. pacificus tick tested positive in active surveillance out of 29 ticks collected in British Columbia, while no B odocoilei-positive I. scapularis were found in passive surveillance among the 11 adult ticks tested. Although B. odocoilei infection prevalence of adult I. scapularis was significantly higher in 2019 (14.1 %) than in 2018 (7.4 %), it remained stable from 2019 to 2021, suggesting that this pathogen may already be well established in endemic tick populations. The results provided in this article represent, to date, the most comprehensive picture of B. odocoilei distribution and prevalence in ticks in Canada and highlight the interest of maintaining One Health surveillance approaches to give added insight into disease transmission cycles for less well-characterized microorganisms.