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      Field comparison of intranasal and injectable bovine respiratory disease vaccination on beef calf antibody concentrations, average daily gain, and bovine respiratory disease morbidity

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      BERENIK-THESIS-2019.pdf (1.131Mb)
      Date
      2019-04-25
      Author
      Berenik, Adam J 1994-
      ORCID
      0000-0002-7120-4647
      Type
      Thesis
      Degree Level
      Masters
      Metadata
      Show full item record
      Abstract
      Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex that is common in feedlot operations, where it causes major economic loss through: reduction in average daily gain, treatment costs, and mortality. Reducing BRD incidence would increase profits to producers, reduce antimicrobial use, and improve animal welfare. Two studies were performed to compare clinical vaccine response. First, a randomized control study enrolled 75 crossbred heifer calves into an injectable modified live viral (IJ-MLV) group, intranasal homologous boost (IN-MLV) group, or intranasal heterologous boost (IN-KV) group. Vaccines were administered at birth, ‘‘turnout’’ (~2 months of age), and weaning. Blood samples and weights were collected at ‘turnout’, two weeks post ‘turnout’, weaning, and two weeks post weaning, with weights also being collected at birth and 87 days post weaning. Blood samples were analyzed with an ELISA for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine herpes virus type 1 and virus neutralization for bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2. No differences were observed between the average daily gains of the three groups. The IN-KV group had significantly higher BRSV antibody concentrations than the other groups at all time points except for ‘turnout’ but had lower bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 concentrations at weaning and two weeks post weaning. Next, a field study was conducted at two commercial ranches in central Saskatchewan, enrolling 645 calves from one farm and 481 calves from a second farm. The calves were randomly enrolled by vaccine type at branding into either an IJ-MLV group or IN-MLV group. Calves were managed extensively, until weaning when they were moved to a local feedlot. At the feedlot calves were vaccinated and separated into steer and heifer pens and were monitored daily for disease. Weights were collected upon arrival and at 60 days post weaning. Morbidity and mortality due to bovine respiratory disease and average daily gains were analyzed. The results show no significant difference between the two groups for these outcomes. These two studies show the importance of considering vaccine type and administration route when developing BRD control programs.
      Degree
      Master of Science (M.Sc.)
      Department
      Large Animal Clinical Sciences
      Program
      Epidemiology
      Supervisor
      Erickson, Nathan; Lardner, Herbert
      Committee
      Waldner, Cheryl; Campbell, John; Hannon, Sherry
      Copyright Date
      April 2019
      URI
      http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11985
      Subject
      Intranasal vaccination
      Bovine respiratory disease
      prime boosting
      beef cattle
      heterologous vaccination
      homologous vaccination
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