Functionality and nutritional value of faba bean protein isolates: Comparison to major legume proteins in the market

View/ Open
Date
2022-03-22Author
Shi, Dai
ORCID
0000-0002-5123-8743Type
ThesisDegree Level
MastersMetadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The present research compared the functional and nutritional values of protein isolates of faba bean, yellow pea, and soy to investigate the utilization potential of Canadian faba beans as value-added ingredients in food formulations. In the first study, protein isolates of faba bean (FPI) cultivars Fabelle, Malik, and Snowbird, yellow pea (PPI) CDC Amarillo, and soybean (SPI) AAC 26-15 were prepared by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation (AE-IP) and evaluated for their physicochemical and functional properties. The reduced water usage from the 1:10 flour:solvent ratio to 1:8 maintained the protein yield, whereas the ratio of 1:6 significantly lowered protein extractability. The faba bean seeds were rich in protein (29.34-34.35%), higher than that of pea (23.10%), while being equivalently low in lipids (1.11-1.35%). In summary of the quality attributes, with little impact of protein composition in terms of the legumin:vicilin (L/V) ratio, the functionalities (protein solubility, water and oil holding capacity, foaming and emulsifying properties) of FPI were mostly similar to those of PPI while being comparable or higher to those of SPI. The cultivar Snowbird had a few attributes generally different from those of Fabelle and Malik. In the second study, legume flours and isolates prepared in Study 1 were compared for their nutritional values. The faba bean samples were largely comparable to pea and soy for the content of total phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and phytic acid. Meanwhile, they were less concentrated with the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) and contained additional vicine and convicine at varying levels. However, since methionine and cysteine were more limiting in the faba bean samples, they had lower protein quality (in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid score; IV-PDCAAS) than pea and soy, especially for isolates (Snowbird < Fabelle < Malik) due to the loss of albumins during AE-IP. Overall, the findings suggested that FPI could replace PPI or SPI in formulating products that require additional or improved functionality, whereas when used as nutritional ingredients, a complementary blend with cereals would be beneficial. Future studies should investigate the modification of wet extraction processes to minimize nutritional losses.
Degree
Master of Science (M.Sc.)Department
Food and Bioproduct SciencesProgram
Food ScienceSupervisor
Nickerson, Michael T.Committee
Ai, Yongfeng; Wanasundara, Janitha P. D.; Arganosa, GeneCopyright Date
June 2022Subject
Faba bean
yellow pea
soy
protein functionality
protein isolate
protein quality
antinutritional factors
in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid score
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS-ALCOHOL-WASHED PROTEIN CONCENTRATES PREPARED FROM AIR-CLASSIFIED PEA PROTEIN AND OTHER AIR-CLASSIFIED PULSE PROTEIN FRACTIONS
Peter, Rosemary 1988- (2018-09-25)Pea protein concentrates were prepared from air-classified pea protein by aqueous-alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) washing. Response surface methodology (Box Behnken design) was used to create mathematical models to explain ... -
Exploring the Protein-Protein Interactions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cell Division Proteins FtsE, FtsX, FtsL and FtsB
Mitzel, Kristen Miranda (2022-06-16)Cell division is a vital process coordinated by both cell division proteins and an expansive network of protein-protein interactions. A previous study examined the interactions amongst cell division proteins in Neisseria ... -
IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEIN MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND THE DIGESTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTEINS IN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES
Liu, Bo (2012-03-08)Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) have been extensively utilized in ruminant rations in western Canada. It is important to ensure the consistent quality of these DDGS. Traditional chemical methods do not consider ...