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Mass Spectrometric Based Approaches in Urine Metabolomics and Biomarker Discovery

Date

2015-04-15

Authors

Khamis, Mona
Adamko, Darryl
El-Aneed, Anas

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Wiley

ORCID

Type

Postprint

Degree Level

Abstract

Urine metabolomics has recently emerged as a prominent field for the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers that can detect subtle metabolic discrepancies in response to a specific disease or therapeutic intervention. Urine, compared to other biofluids, is characterized by its ease of collection, richness in metabolites and its ability to reflect imbalances of all biochemical pathways within the body. Following urine collection for metabolomic analysis, samples must be immediately frozen to quench any biogenic and/or non-biogenic chemical reactions. According to the aim of the experiment; sample preparation can vary from simple procedures such as filtration to more specific extraction protocols such as liquid-liquid extraction. Due to the lack of comprehensive studies on urine metabolome stability, higher storage temperatures (i.e. 4 °C) and repetitive freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided. To date, among all analytical techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) provides the best sensitivity, selectivity and identification capabilities to analyze the majority of the metabolite composition in the urine. Combined with the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of MS, and due to the continuous improvements in its related technologies (i.e. ultra high-performance liquid chromatography [UPLC] and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography [HILIC]), liquid chromatography (LC)-MS is unequivocally the most utilized and the most informative analytical tool employed in urine metabolomics. Furthermore, differential isotope tagging techniques has provided a solution to ion suppression from urine matrix thus allowing for quantitative analysis. In addition to LC-MS, other MS-based technologies have been utilized in urine metabolomics. These include direct injection (infusion)-MS, capillary electrophoresis-MS and gas chromatography-MS. In this article, the current progresses of different MS-based techniques in exploring the urine metabolome as well as the recent findings in providing potentially diagnostic urinary biomarkers are discussed.

Description

Keywords

Metabolome, Urine, Untargeted, Targeted, Biomarker, Mass Spectrometry

Citation

Khamis, M. M., Adamko, D. J. and El-Aneed, A. (2015), Mass Spec Rev

Degree

Department

Program

Advisor

Committee

Citation

Khamis, M. M., Adamko, D. J. and El-Aneed, A. (2015), Mass Spec Rev

Part Of

item.page.relation.ispartofseries

DOI

10.1002/mas.21455

item.page.identifier.pmid

25881008

item.page.identifier.pmcid

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