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      • HARVEST
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      DIETARY PATTERNS FROM CHILDHOOD TO EARLY ADULTHOOD AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH BONE HEALTH

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      ZEININEZHAD-MOVASSAGH-DISSERTATION-2017.pdf (2.539Mb)
      Date
      2017-08-01
      Author
      Zeininezhad-Movassagh, Elham
      Type
      Thesis
      Degree Level
      Doctoral
      Metadata
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      Abstract
      The amount of bone accrued during adolescence is an important determinant of later osteoporosis risk. I examined the role of adolescent dietary patterns (DPs) and food group intakes on the adult bone acquisition, and assessed the stability of DPs over time using the data from Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-2011). Principal component analysis was used to derive adolescent DPs including “Vegetarian- style”, “Western-like”, “High-fat, high-protein”, “Mixed” and “Snack” DPs. Associations between adolescent DPs and adolescent (age 12.7±2 years, n=125) or adult (age 28.2±3 years, n=115) bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were analyzed while adjusting for covariates. Mean adolescent total body aBMD and young adult total body BMC and aBMD and femoral neck BMC and aBMD were 5, 8.5, 6, 10.6 and 9% higher (P<0.05), respectively, in third quartile of “Vegetarian-style” DP compared to first quartile. Associations between adolescents’ intake of milk and alternatives (M&A) or fruit and vegetables (F&V) and adult bone structure and strength at tibia and radius were also investigated. Females with high M&A intake compared to low M&A intake group (mean 4 vs. 1.5 servings/d, respectively) had 14, 15 and 16% greater (P<0.05) adult ToA, CoA and CoC at radius shaft, respectively. Females with moderate F&V intake compared to low F&V intake group (mean 4 vs. 2 servings/d, respectively) had greater adult ToA (8.5%, P<0.05) at distal tibia. The stability of DPs from childhood to adulthood were assessed by generalized estimating equations using the energy-adjusted applied DP scores. I found a moderate tracking for the “Vegetarian-style” (ß=0.44, P<0.001) and “High-fat, high-protein” (ß=0.39, P<0.001) DPs in females and “Vegetarian-style” DP (ß=0.30, P<0.001) in males; and a poor-to-fair tracking for remaining DPs, in both sexes. The “Western-like” DP was not stable in females. Adherence to “Vegetarian-style” DP increased and adherence to “High-fat, high-protein” DP decreased by age. Higher adherence to “Vegetarian style” DP (in both sex) and higher intake of M&A or F&V (only in females) during adolescence was positively associated with bone health. Healthy dietary habits established during childhood and adolescence could moderately continue into adulthood.
      Degree
      Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
      Department
      Pharmacy and Nutrition
      Program
      Nutrition
      Supervisor
      Vatanparast, Hassanali
      Committee
      Whiting, Susan; Baxter-Jones, Adam; Kontulainen, Saija; Szafron, Michael; Papadimitropoulos, Manny
      Copyright Date
      July 2017
      URI
      http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7989
      Subject
      dietary patterns
      fruit and vegetable intake
      milk and alternatives intake
      vegetarian style
      bone mineral density, bone mineral content
      bone strength
      cortical bone
      trabecular bone
      adolescent growth spurt
      adulthood
      tracking
      stability
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