Long-term tillage, straw management, and N fertilizer rate effects on crop yield, N uptake, and N balance sheet in a Gray Luvisol
Date
2012-03-13
Authors
Malhi, S.S.
Nyborg, M.
Dyck, M.
Puurveen, D.
Leach, D.
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Abstract
A field experiment (established in autumn 1979, with monoculture barley [1980-1990] and
barley/wheat-canola-triticale-pea rotation [1991-2008] was conducted on a Gray Luvisol [Typic
Haplocryalf] loam soil at Breton, Alberta, to determine the influence of tillage (zero tillage [ZT]
and conventional tillage [CT]), straw management (straw removed [SRem] and straw retained
[SRet]) and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 in SRet, and only 0 kg N ha-1 in SRem plots) on
seed yield, straw yield, total N uptake in seed + straw (1991-2008), and N balance sheet (1980-
2008). The N fertilizer urea was midrow-banded under both tillage systems in the 1991-2008
period. There was a considerable increase in yield and total N uptake up to 100 kg N ha-1 under
both tillage systems. On the average, CT produced greater seed yield (by 223 kg ha-1), straw
yield (by 177 kg ha-1) and total N uptake (by 5.6 kg N ha-1) than ZT. Compared to SRem
treatment, seed yield, straw yield and total N uptake tended to be greater with SRet at the zero-N
rate used in the study. The amounts of applied N unaccounted for over the 1980-2008 period
ranged from 845 to 1665 kg N ha-1, suggesting a great potential for N loss from the soil-plant
system through denitrification, and N immobilization from the soil mineral N pool. In
conclusion, crop yield and N uptake were lower under ZT than CT, and long-term retention of
straw suggests some gradual improvement in soil productivity.
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Soils and Crops Workshop