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      • HARVEST
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      Attention in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease

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      Date
      2008
      Author
      Corney, Patrick
      Type
      Thesis
      Degree Level
      Doctoral
      Metadata
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      Abstract
      A large body of research has investigated various aspects of attention in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the previous studies have shown that divided attention, the ability to attend to two tasks or stimuli simultaneously, declines in both normal aging and AD. In a recent study of attention, Baddeley, Baddeley, Bucks, and Wilcock (2001) reported findings that contrast with other divided attention research. Specifically, they found no effects of aging on divided attention. Taken in combination with their findings of age and AD effects on other aspects of attention, the authors concluded that age-equivalent results on divided attention tasks support the theory that attentional control should be viewed as a fractionated system. Study 1 considered methodological differences between the divided attention tasks used by Baddeley et al., and the tasks used by researchers who have reported age-related differences. Specifically, the effects of task difficulty on age effects were examined. Young, middle-aged, and older adults were compared on a dual-task procedure that combined a secondary visuomotor task (box joining) with a primary verbal task (month reciting) administered at two levels of difficulty. Results showed a significant Age x Task Difficulty interaction. That is, differences among age groups were proportionately greater in the difficult dual-task condition versus the easy condition, suggesting that age-related declines in divided attention may only be detected if tasks are sufficiently difficult. Study 2 examined attention in normal aging and AD. Young adults, older adults, and early-stage AD patients were compared on tasks of selective attention, focal attention, and divided attention, with each task administered at two levels of difficulty. Similar Group x Task Difficulty interaction effects were detected for all attentional tasks, a finding which is more consistent with a general-purpose model than a fractionated model of attention. Study 3 considered attentional tasks from a clinical perspective. Specifically, the attentional tasks utilized in Study 2 were examined with respect to their ability to correctly classify individuals with early-stage AD and normal older adults. Findings showed that all attentional tasks successfully discriminated patients from cognitively healthy older adults, with one task of divided attention showing particularly impressive sensitivity and specificity. Findings of the three studies are discussed with regard to their implications for future research and clinical practice.
      Degree
      Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
      Department
      Psychology
      Program
      Psychology
      Supervisor
      Crossley, Margaret
      Committee
      Kirk, Andrew; Elias, Lorin J.; Campbell, J. I. D. (Jamie); McDowd, Joan
      Copyright Date
      2008
      URI
      http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032009-102408
      Subject
      Alzheimer's disease
      Normal aging
      Attention
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