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      Projecting Hitler : representations of Adolf Hitler in English-language film, 1968-1990

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      Date
      2004-12-14
      Author
      Macfarlane, Daniel
      Type
      Thesis
      Degree Level
      Masters
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      Abstract
      In the post-Second World War period, the medium of film has been arguably the leading popular culture protagonist of a demonized Adolf Hitler. Between 1968 and 1990, thirty-five English-language films featuring representations of Hitler were released in cinemas, on television, or on home video. In the 1968 to 1979 period, fifteen films were released, with the remaining twenty coming between 1980 and 1990. This increase reveals not only a growing popular fascination with Hitler, but also a tendency to use the Führer as a sign for demonic evil. These representations are broken into three categories – (1) prominent; (2) satirical; (3) contextualizing – which are then analyzed according to whether a representation is demonizing or humanizing. Out of these thirty-five films, twenty-three can be labeled as demonizing and nine as humanizing, and there are three films that cannot be appropriately located in either category. In the 1968 to 1979 period, four films employed prominent Hitler representations, five films satirized Hitler, with six contextualizing films. The 1980s played host to five prominent representations, six satires, and nine contextualizing films. In total, there are nine prominent representations, eleven satires and fifteen contextualizing films. Arguing that prominent representations are the most influential, this study argues that the 1968 to 1979 period formed and shaped the sign of a demonic Führer, and its acceptance is demonstrated by films released between1980 and 1990. However, the appearance of two prominent films in the 1980s which humanized Hitler is significant, for these two films hint at the beginnings of a breakdown in the hegemony of the Hitler sign. The cinematic demonization of Hitler is accomplished in a variety of ways, all of which portray the National Socialist leader as an abstract figure outside of human behaviour and comprehension. Scholarly history is also shown to have contributed to this mythologizing, as the “survival myth” and myth of “the last ten days” have their origins in historiography. However, since the 1970s film has arguably overtaken historiography in shaping popular conceptions of the National Socialist leader. In addition to pointing out the connections between film and historiography, this study also suggests other political, philosophical, and cultural reasons for the demonization of Adolf Hitler.
      Degree
      Master of Arts (M.A.)
      Department
      History
      Program
      History
      Supervisor
      Fairbairn, Brett
      Committee
      Kerr, Donald C.; Deutscher, Thomas B.; McCannon, John
      Copyright Date
      December 2004
      URI
      http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-02272005-152739
      Subject
      United States
      popular culture
      Führer
      historiography
      Nazi
      National Socialism
      humanizing
      demonizing
      cinema
      Adolf Hitler
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      • Graduate Theses and Dissertations
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