The effects of cigarette smoking and food consumption on the metabolic rate in adolescent females
Date
1999Author
Hickox, Kimberly Dawn
Type
ThesisDegree Level
MastersMetadata
Show full item recordAbstract
This study assessed the metabolic effect of cigarette smoking and food
intake alone and in combination in a group of habitual young smokers ( 16.78 ±
0.67 yrs). Nine females were presented, over four non consecutive days, with
the following randomized conditions: (1) consumption of a 700 kcal high
carbohydrate (CHO) meal (60% CHO, 15% Protein, 25% Fat); (2) inhalation of
two cigarettes; (3) inhalation of two cigarettes preceded by the consumption of a
700 kcal high CHO meal (60% CHO, 15% Protein, 25% Fat); (4) no cigarettes
nor food consumption. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by
indirect open-circuit calorimetry prior to the treatment, immediately following each
intervention, and for four consecutive hours thereafter. The results showed that
the individual and combined effects of cigarette smoking and food consumption
significantly increased (p < 0.05) REE above pre-treatment, and remained
elevated across the five post-treatment time periods. For the no smoking/no
food condition, REE did not increase from baseline and showed little change
across the five post-treatment time periods, indicating minimal diurnal variation in
REE for this control condition. No significant difference in REE existed among
the conditions of smoking, food consumption, and food consumption/smoking at
any time period. The findings from this investigation showed that the two
thermogenic stimuli of smoking and eating (alone and in combination) increase the resting energy expenditure in a group of young female smokers.
These increases in energy expenditure were larger in magnitude than was
observed in previous studies conducted with the adult population, therefore it
was suggested that the metabolic responses of adolescent females to
thermogenic stimuli may be heightened when compared to adults. It was also
suggested that cigarette smoking may increase the duration of the thermic effect
of food (TEF).