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      Subsistence and economic adaptation in the Onion Lake Agency, 1876-1920

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      indian_reservation_121.pdf (167.4Kb)
      Onion_Lake.pdf (582.7Kb)
      Schenstead_Smith_Laurel_sec_nc_983.pdf (19.11Mb)
      Date
      1983
      Author
      Schenstead-Smith, Laurel
      Type
      Thesis
      Degree Level
      Masters
      Metadata
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      Abstract
      This study gives an historical summary of Cree and Chipewyan Indians who resided in the Fort Pitt District from 1876 to 1885 and in the Onion Lake Agency from 1885 to 1920, and examines their adaptation to reservation life, with emphasis on reserve settlement and subsistence activities. Four main topics are discussed: the historical position of the Cree and Chipewyan prior to 1876; ident­ification of Indian bands who signed Treaty Six at Fort Pitt in 1876 and movement to their reservations; the physical environment exploited by these Indians; and, government policies and programs which influenced subsistence activities pursued by Indians in the study area. The study concludes that Indian adaptation to reservation life involved a change in subsistence activities and settlement pattern which maintained a continuity with former lifeways and adopted certain introduced Euro-Canadian values and practices; policies and programs implemented by the government were guided by a desire for economy and exhibited a protectionist attitude; the attitude of the Indians was not always conciliatory towards government programs, and Indians chose certain aspects of these programs which were to their economic and material advantage; and, the pattern of reserve live which developed was closely related to the annual cycle of subsistence activities.
      Degree
      Master of Arts (M.A.)
      Department
      Anthropology and Archaeology
      Program
      Anthropology and Archaeology
      Supervisor
      Marino, Mary
      Committee
      Ervin, Alexander M. (Sandy); Linnamae, Urve
      Copyright Date
      1983
      URI
      http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-11052009-112409
      Collections
      • Graduate Theses and Dissertations
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