Growth, Development and Yield Response of Soybean Maturity Groups 000 and 00
Date
2025-03-28
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ORCID
0009-0009-3843-3999
Type
Thesis
Degree Level
Doctoral
Abstract
With the growing interest of soybean production and its expansion into Western Canada, this research aimed at characterizing soybean adaptation to Saskatchewan (SK), which is considered a new frontier for soybeans in Canada. This region has a cool temperate climate with limited precipitation and growing seasons are typically less than 130 days.
Soybean growth and development were measured over four summer seasons (2019-2022) across 12 locations in SK. Data were divided into three environments: cool (year 2019), mid (year 2020), and hot (years 2021 and 2022). Field trials at each of the 12 locations was composed of 24 commercial cultivars that ranged from two Maturity Groups (MG 000 and 00). The cultivars were further subdivided into three subgroups: Super Ultra Early (SUE; all MG 000), Ultra Early (UE; MG 00.1 to 00.4), and Early (E; MG 00.5 to 00.9).
Soybean required 135 days (d) to complete its lifecycle. Cultivars in the SUE (MG 000) and UE (early MG 00) subgroups demonstrated better adaptation to Saskatchewan conditions when compared to the E (late MG 00) subgroup. Additionally, a genotyping experiment was conducted in 2022 using competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays on a subset of 26 cultivars, all of which were adapted to Western Canada. Allelic variations for the six loci E1, E2, E3, E4, E9, and E10, were associated with the time of flowering and maturity. Most of the cultivars possessed the E1 dominant allele, which delays flowering, while all cultivars had the E9 and e2-ns alleles promoting early time of flowering. The most common genotype background was E1/e2/e3/E4/E9.
Over all data, MG 000 (1201 kg. ha-1) performed better than MG 00 (1120 kg. ha-1), exhibiting a 6.7% higher seed yield. Soybean seed composition oil, protein, and residual concentration were also determined by near infra-red spectroscopy for 11 locations. Soybean produced protein concentration of 370 mg. g-1 on a dry weight of meal basis (37%), an oil concentration of 235 mg. g-1 (23.5%), and a residual concentration of 395 mg. g-1 (39.5%).
Description
Keywords
early-season soybean, Heat Units, soybean phenology, seed growth rate, protein, oil.
Citation
Degree
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Department
Plant Sciences
Program
Plant Sciences