Upregulation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) RNA translation by the nucleocapsid protein
Date
2024-11
Authors
Hao, Lin
Fragoso-Saavedra, Mario
Liu, Qiang
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Virology
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Article
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Abstract
The role of coronaviral nucleocapsid (N) protein in regulating viral translation remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that the N protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) enhances the translation of both virus-like genomic RNA (gRNA) and messenger RNA. Further characterization of the gRNA translation upregulation showed that the N-terminal domain (NTD) + Linker region plays a major role. The stem-loop 1 in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and the budged stem loop in the 3′UTR are required for viral translation upregulation by PEDV N protein.
The signaling kinase Akt exists in three isoforms. We found that Akt1 enhances viral gRNA translation upregulation by the N protein dependent on its kinase activity. We further showed an interaction between Akt1 and PEDV N, that is abolished by the NTD + Linker region. This suggested that the enhancing effect of Akt1 on translation upregulation by the N protein does not require interaction between these two proteins.
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Keywords
Coronavirus, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Nucleocapsid protein, PEDV RNA translation, Untranslated region, Akt1, Protein-protein interaction
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110306