Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook
Date
2025-03-27
Authors
Krammer, Florian
Hermann, Enikő
Rasmussen, Angela
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American Society for Microbiology
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Article
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Abstract
The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
Description
Attribution 4.0 International
Keywords
influenza virus, avian viruses, H5N1, virus-host interactions, zoonotic infections, viral pathogenesis, pandemic risk, evolution, reassortment, influenza vaccines
Citation
Krammer F, Hermann E, Rasmussen AL.2025.Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook. J Virol99:e02209-24.https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02209-24
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02209-24