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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook

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dc.contributor.authorKrammer, Florian
dc.contributor.authorHermann, Enikő
dc.contributor.authorRasmussen, Angela
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-09T03:07:36Z
dc.date.available2025-05-09T03:07:36Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-27
dc.descriptionAttribution 4.0 International
dc.description.abstractThe H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
dc.description.sponsorshipNIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR, 75N93021C00014), Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs, 75N93019C00051), Canadian Institutes of Health Research as part of the Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net; CIHR FRN#175622)
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.identifier.citationKrammer F, Hermann E, Rasmussen AL.2025.Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook. J Virol99:e02209-24.https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02209-24
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02209-24
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10388/16922
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Microbiology
dc.rightsAttribution 2.5 Canadaen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ca/
dc.subjectinfluenza virus
dc.subjectavian viruses
dc.subjectH5N1
dc.subjectvirus-host interactions
dc.subjectzoonotic infections
dc.subjectviral pathogenesis
dc.subjectpandemic risk
dc.subjectevolution
dc.subjectreassortment
dc.subjectinfluenza vaccines
dc.titleHighly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook
dc.typeArticle

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