A Fluorescence based Wireless Capsule Endoscopic Tool for Screening Gastrointestinal Cancer
| dc.contributor.advisor | Wahid, Khan A. | |
| dc.contributor.committeeMember | Kasap, Safa | |
| dc.contributor.committeeMember | Lukong, Erique | |
| dc.contributor.committeeMember | Karki, Rajesh | |
| dc.contributor.committeeMember | Dinh, Anh | |
| dc.creator | Alam, Mohammad Wajih | |
| dc.creator.orcid | 0000-0002-9737-2032 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-06T22:34:29Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-08-06T06:05:07Z | |
| dc.date.created | 2020-11 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-08-06 | |
| dc.date.submitted | November 2020 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2020-08-06T22:34:29Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States when men and women are combined. It is also the third most common type of cancer diagnosed in both women and in men. The phase at which the cancer is diagnosed is an important factor in deciding the prognosis of the patient. Despite the technological advancement in therapeutic and diagnostic field, the colorectal cancers are often spotted in advanced stage which affects the survival rate of patients adversely. Thus, early detection of cancer is important to improve the survival rate of patients. The conventional wired endoscopic system is an invasive process in which a flexible and long cable is inserted into the digestive tube which makes the process uncomfortable and painful for the patients. This makes the patient to not want to go through the procedure, ultimately hampering the early detection process. In order to relieve the patient’s suffering and visualize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is introduced. A typical WCE is a pill-sized swallowable capsule integrated with electronics, camera, optics and wireless connectivity feature, which provides an opportunity to diagnose the GI tract through a simple and pain-free procedure. However, there are still several limitations of this technology which limits its functionality in the modern-day healthcare system. One of these challenges is related to image quality and frame rate. Higher frame rate and improved resolution increases the ability to detect more landmarks and lesions while decreasing the probability of missing important information. Although capturing of high-resolution image is now possible due to the rapid advancement in imaging technology, integrating such cameras into the world of WCE and transmitting high quality captured images would significantly affect the battery life. Therefore, a high-quality compression method is required that would reduce the impact on battery life while preserving image quality. However, the available compression algorithms are lossy and needs complex system architecture and on-chip memory. Moreover, this technology captures thousands of images from each examination. As these capsules are not able to automate the detection of abnormality, the doctors are required to go through each frame in search of abnormality which is time-consuming and tiresome. Thus, alternate methods are needed to be explored. Fluorescence imaging is widely used in various fields for selective and specific detection of target. In order to test the principle of fluorescence imaging, a fluorometer is designed in this work to detect breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal cancer cells (HCT116). The breast cancer cells are conjugated with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) while the colorectal cancer cells are conjugated with IRFP702 fluorophore as explained in Chapter 4 and 5 respectively. The excitation and emission wavelength of GFP and IRFP702 fluorophores are different. The developed fluorometer can detect both breast cancer cells and colorectal cancer cells when excitation and emission components are modified to cover the excitation and emission wavelengths of respective conjugated fluorophores. After the proof-of-concept is established, a WCE prototype is developed which utilizes the principle of fluorescence for automating the detection of colorectal cancer. The prototype is tested on porcine intestine and liquid phantom. The developed device can detect low-level of fluorescence emitted by fluorophore. This was tested by first spraying varying concentration of fluorescein (18 nM to 231μM) on top of the swine intestine and testing with the developed device. This device paves a way for pain-free, non-invasive screening for early stage detection of cancer promoting mass-screening and ultimately improving the survival rate of the patients. By utilizing the proposed capsule with targeted molecular contrast agents, which are selectively probed to the cancerous cells, early detection of the multiple types of cancer could be possible with increased sensitivity and at a relatively low cost. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12950 | |
| dc.subject | Wireless capsule endoscopy | |
| dc.subject | Colorectal cancer | |
| dc.subject | Fluorescence | |
| dc.subject | Non-invasive | |
| dc.title | A Fluorescence based Wireless Capsule Endoscopic Tool for Screening Gastrointestinal Cancer | |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.type.material | text | |
| local.embargo.terms | 2023-08-06 | |
| thesis.degree.department | Electrical and Computer Engineering | |
| thesis.degree.discipline | Electrical Engineering | |
| thesis.degree.grantor | University of Saskatchewan | |
| thesis.degree.level | Doctoral | |
| thesis.degree.name | Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) |