Browsing by Author "Rossnagel, B.G."
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Item Chemical characteristics and nutritive values of three oat varieties for ruminants(2007-03-01) Niu, Z.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Yu, P.The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude of differences among oat varieties of in terms of detailed chemical and nutritional characteristics (including: 1) chemical composition, 2) total digestible nutrient (TDN) and energy values at maintenance and production level for both dairy and beef cattle, 3) protein and carbohydrate subfractions, 4) in situ degradation kinetics of components, and 5) nutrient supply/availability) and provide detailed feeding values for ruminants. Six oat samples comprised of 3 cultivars (CDC Dancer, Derby and CDC SO-I) grown over two years (2005 and 2006) were obtained from the Crop Development Centre at the University of Saskatchewan. The samples were analyzed for DM, CP, EE, GE, starch, ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, NDICP, ADICP, SCP and NPN. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) and energy values (TDN1x, DE3x, ME3x, NEL3x, DE4x, ME4x, NEL4x of dairy, ME, NEm and NEg of beef) at maintenance and production levels for both dairy and beef cattle were determined using NRC-2001 and NRC-1996 chemical approaches. Protein and carbohydrate fractions were determined using the CNCPS system. Rumen degradation kinetics (DM, CP and starch) were determined in situ. The nutrient supply/availability will be estimated using the DVE/OEB system and NRC-2001 model. Detailed chemical composition, TDN and energy values and CNCPS protein and carbohydrate fractions are reported here. The information obtained from this study will be useful for oat breeders and feed industry.Item The current barley leaf disease situation in Saskatchewan, with emphasis on 'spot-form' net blotch (Pyrenophora teres)(1988-02-19) Weller, J.A.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Harvey, B.L.Item Factors affecting performance of different pedigreed seedlots of Harrington barley and Katepwa wheat(1988-02-19) Sonntag, C.W.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Baker, R.J.Item Field performance of anther culture-derived breeding lines of barley(1988-02-19) Morden, L.P.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Kao, K.N.Since 1984, evaluation of anther culture derived lines has been carried out at the University of Saskatchewan. The anther culture method has been compared to pedigree, single seed descent, and Hordeum bulboeum methoda of cultivar production. In 1986 and 1987, the lines were evaluated in yield trials with grain yield, heading date, thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight, kernels per spike, and percentage plump kernels were examined. In assessment of the cross of Abee and Norbert the means of the analyzed traits were found to be generally lower for anther culture, but variability was similar among all methods. Furthermore, the best lines of each method expressed similar potential. In the current studies the performance of the Abee/Norbert cross appears to support the previous evidence of lower mean performance. Materials from the crosses of Abee/Harrington and Abee/TR215 were also grown in 1987 for assessment.Item Grain hardness in barley(2007-03-01) Camm, G.A.; Rossnagel, B.G.Grain hardness is described as the resistance of the kernel to fracture or the extent of endosperm packing. In barley, it is a product of the complex interaction between compositional and structural endosperm components, including starch, protein and beta-glucan and the matrix formed between these components. Grain hardness may contribute significantly to barley quality. This research examined the relationship between grain hardness determination by milling energy, SKCS hardness, and endosperm light reflectance of eight Western Canadian feed and malting barley genotypes grown at multiple locations and the influence of protein and betaglucan on hardness. Genotypes differed in milling energy, SKCS hardness, and endosperm light reflectance with all three hardness methods ranking genotypes similarly. All three hardness methods were significantly correlated. McLeod, CDC Dolly and Valier genotypes were consistently harder while CDC Bold was consistently softest. Grain hardness was influenced by protein and beta-glucan content in this small sample set.Item Grain processing differences between barley varieties for cattle(2005-02-17) Camm, G.A.; Rossnagel, B.G.Barley is fed to cattle as a concentrated energy source. Before feeding, the grain is cracked (processed) to expose the endosperm to rumen fermentation. Processing disrupts the endosperm starch-protein matrix and produces fine particles (fines). Fines may lead to acidosis and liver abscesses in cattle. In 2004, nine Western Canadian barley varieties, including seven feed and two malt varieties, were analyzed for fines produced after three processing treatments: dry with minimal processing, dry with excessive processing, and tempered with excessive processing. Fines were measured as the percentage of processed sample falling through a 1.40 mm brass sieve. Grain hardness, using Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), and protein content, using Near Infrared Transmittance (NIT) were analyzed to identify their relationship with fines production. Varieties differed in % fines produced after rolling with variety by processing interaction being present (P<0.05). However, Xena and CDC Dolly produced significantly less fines for all processing methods and CDC Trey and CDC Bold produced more (P<0.05). Varieties with more protein produced fewer fines when minimally dry rolled, with the exception of Xena (P<0.05). Grain hardness and protein content appear related to processing characteristics; however, correlations were not significant. Grain hardness was significantly correlated with protein (R=0.77, P<0.05).Item Higher protein milling oat for Saskatchewan(1993-02-25) Rossnagel, B.G.; Bhatty, R.S.Item The impact of seeding date on the yield and quality of oats(2000-02-22) May, W.E.; Mohr, R.M.; Lafond, G.L.; Johnston, A.M.; Rossnagel, B.G.Most of the research conducted on the optimum seeding date of oats has been done outside of western Canada. The objective of this research is measure the effect of planting dates and cultivars on the yield and quality of oats. Four seeding dates, early May, Mid May, early June, and mid June and four cultivars, AC Medallion, AC Juniper, CDC Boyer and CDC Pacer were used. Delayed seeding resulted in reduced yield and quality of oats. Seeding dates had a larger effect on yield and quality than cultivars except when a high level of crown rust was present in the field. Early and mid May planting dates tend to provide farmers with the least amount of risk when growing oats.Item Low-lignin hull in oat(2002-02-20) Williams, S.K.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Scoles, G.J.The use of whole oat in feed rations is restricted due to low digestibility of the hull. AC Assiniboia hulls have decreased acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. AC Assiniboia was crossed with OT 775 and the resulting lines were measured for ADL content. The ratio of F4:5 lines with low to normal ADL concentration fit a 1:1 genetic ratio. Indicating that the low-lignin trait is controlled by a single major gene. ADL concentration was correlated with hull colour and acid detergent fiber concentration. ADL concentration was not correlated with the protein or fat concentration of the groat. Simple inheritance of the low-lignin trait indicates that it can be incorporated into the oat breeding program. Furthermore, ADL concentration is not correlated with groat fat so a cultivar with a low lignin hull and high fat groat can be developed.Item Molecular marker assisted introgression of loose and covered smut resistance into CDC McGwire hulless barley(2005-02-17) Grewal, T.S.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Scoles, G.J.CDC McGwire is a high yielding hulless barley cultivar from the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan which is susceptible to both true loose and covered smut. Screening for these diseases is time, labour and space consuming and escapes are very frequent making it necessary to screen putative resistant lines several times to confirm resistance. In addition, both the diseases are expressed in the inflorescence, simultaneous screening for them is not possible. Molecular Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is a good alternative to combine the resistance to both diseases in the same line. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the loose smut resistance gene Run8 (Eckstein et al. 2002) and covered smut resistance gene Ruhq (Ardiel et al. 2002, Grewal et al. 2004) have been developed at the CDC and a program was initiated to introgress loose smut resistance (Run8) and covered smut resistance (Ruhq) into CDC McGwire using MAS. Loose smut resistance was transferred from TR251 (Run8) and covered smut resistance from either Q21861 or TR640 (Ruhq). Two strategies (doubled haploidy and marker-assisted backcrossing) were used to introgress both resistance genes. Screening 35 microspore culture derived doubled haploid (DH) lines against covered and loose smut in the field and greenhouse showed that in most lines, the phenotype defined by disease reactions and genotype defined by the SCAR markers agreed. Screening putative resistant lines three times for covered and loose smut identified 12 DH lines resistant to both smuts and positive to molecular markers of both the diseases. In the marker-assisted backcross program, plants were genotyped in each generation and plants positive for both markers were backcrossed to CDC McGwire. The genotyping of BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC3F1 plants with SCAR markers (UhR450 and Un8700R) showed a 1:2:2:1 segregation indicating the presence of two major genes. Twenty BC3F3 lines (10 lines selected with the covered smut resistance from Q21861 and 10 lines selected with the covered smut resistance from TR640) were evaluated for covered smut reaction in the field in 2004 and in the greenhouse in the fall of 2004. All lines showed resistance to covered smut. BC3F3 lines were inoculated with loose smut in the field in 2004 and evaluated in the greenhouse. Eighteen of 20 lines showed loose smut resistance. These putative double resistant lines will be phenotyped in BC3F5 generations to confirm disease reactions. These results confirm that molecular markers can assist in rapid introgression of simply inherited disease resistance genes into elite lines with considerable savings in time and cost.Item Net blotch as a limitation to barley production in Saskatchewan(1988-02-19) van den Berg, C.G.J.; Rossnagel, B.G.With infected stubble as source of primary inoculum, the development of net blotch on barley and its effect on grain yield were investigated over a two year period. Net blotch symptoms were observed from the first-leaf stage onwards. The severity of net blotch increased during the growing season. The penultimate leaf was entirely affectedĀ· within three weeks. From fungicide experiments, the yield loss caused by net blotch was estimated at 34 % of the disease-free yield. Net blotch decreased the grain yield through a decrease in kernel weight. In addition, net blotch infection of the floral bracts lowered the final grade of the grain.Item New oat improves milk yield and income(2010-03-24) Niu, Z.; Christensen, D.A.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Yu, P.Item New sources of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) resistance for western Canadian barley(2001-02-22) Singh, A.K.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Scoles, G.J.Scald, caused by Rhynchosporium secalis Davis, is an important fungal foliar disease of barley which can cause significant losses of yield and quality in western Canada. Scald can be controlled by fungicides and/or cultural methods, however, the use of genetic resistance is most desirable control strategy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate scald resistance in two New Zealand barley genotypes; to study the inheritance of that resistance and to test its novelty relative to a number of existing resistance sources available to Canadian breeding programs. New Zealand genotypes 145L2 and 4176/n, which showed scald resistance in NZ nurseries and in Alberta scald screening nurseries in 1998, were evaluated in 1999 and 2000 Alberta nurseries. To determine the genetic control of resistance, these resistant lines were each crossed with scald susceptible CDC McGwire; and resistant versus susceptible progeny ratios from F2 populations and F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for chi-square goodness of fit for one or two gene control. To determine the source of the resistance, āknownā H. vulgare parents of these NZ lines were evaluated in the Alberta scald nurseries. In addition, 145L2 was crossed with 4176/n and four local resistant lines to determine allelic relationships between ā145L2ā resistance and the resistance in the local lines. In 1999 and 2000, both NZ lines expressed good scald resistance. Inheritance studies indicated that resistance in both NZ lines is governed by a single dominant gene. ā145L2ā resistance is different from resistance in 4176/n and the other barley lines tested. All āknownā progenitors of these lines were susceptible suggesting that resistance is a result of mutation and/or introgression(s) from what is described as an āunknownā parent in their pedigrees. The NZ lines provide new sources of scald resistance that can be incorporated into local breeding lines.Item Response of barley to GleanĀ® (chlorsulfuron)(1988-02-19) Baillie, A.M.R.; Rossnagel, B.G.Item Salt tolerance in barley(1986-02-20) McColl, S.J.; Harvey, B.L.; Baker, R.J.; Rossnagel, B.G.Item Seasonal variations in the nutritive parameters of barley grains for cattle(2007-03-01) Hart, K.J.; Rossnagel, B.G.; Yu, P.Item Semi-dwarf barley performance in Saskatchewan(1988-02-19) Bell, D.; Rossnagel, B.G.Item Use of genotypic variation of oat (Aven sativa. L) cultivars to suppress wild oat (Avena fatua. L) competition(2009-02-26) Benaragama, D.I.D.S.; Shirtliffe, S.J.; Rossnagel, B.G.Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is considered to be one of the most troublesome weed in oat cultivation due to its difficulty to control using herbicides. Genotypic variation in oat cultivars can be used as a potential strategy to suppress the wild oat competition. Seven oat lines generated from a cross of the forage oat CDC Baler and the semi-dwarf oat Ronald were evaluated for the competitive ability with wild oat. The lines were grown with and without wild oat at 250plants m-2 at two locations in 2008.Plant height, light interception, shoot biomass, and grain yield data were recorded. According to the preliminary data analysis the selected cop genotypes shows a significant (P <0.05) difference in plant height among the genotypes. The grain yield, wild oat biomass and test weight was not significantly different among the oat genotypes. Therefore from these preliminary data the variation for the competitive ability was not identified among the oat genotypes used in this experiment.