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Spatiotemporal Variation in Driving Factors of Vegetation Dynamics in the Yellow River Delta Estuarine Wetlands from 2000 to 2020

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dc.contributor.authorNiu, Zhongen
dc.contributor.authorSi, Bing Cheng
dc.contributor.authorLi, Dong
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Ying
dc.contributor.authorHou, Xiyong
dc.contributor.authorLi, Linlin
dc.contributor.authorWang, Bin
dc.contributor.authorSong, Bing
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Mengyu
dc.contributor.authorLi, Xiyu
dc.contributor.authorZeng, Na
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Xiaobo
dc.contributor.authorLv, Yan
dc.contributor.authorMai, Ziqi
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-27T17:56:13Z
dc.date.available2023-09-27T17:56:13Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).en_US
dc.description.abstractPrevious studies of vegetation dynamics in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) predominantly relied on sparse time series or coarse-resolution images, which not only overlooked the rapid and spatially heterogeneous changes, but also limited our understanding of driving mechanisms. Here, employing spatiotemporal data fusion methods, we constructed a novel fused enhanced vegetation index (EVI) dataset with a high spatiotemporal resolution (30-meter and 8-day resolution) for the YRD from 2000 to 2020, and we analyzed the vegetation variations and their driving factors within and outside the YRD Nation Natural Reserve (YRDNRR). The fused EVI effectively captured spatiotemporal vegetation dynamics. Notably, within the YRDNRR core area, the fused EVI showed no significant trend before 2010, while a significant increase emerged post-2010, with an annual growth of 7%, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora explained 78% of this EVI increment. In the YRDNRR experimental area, the fused EVI exhibited a distinct interannual trend, which was characterized by an initial increase (2000–2006, p < 0.01), followed by a subsequent decrease (2006–2011, p < 0.01) and, ultimately, a renewed increase (2011–2020, p > 0.05); the dynamics of the fused EVI were mainly affected by the spring runoff (R2 = 0.71), while in years with lower runoff, it was also affected by the spring precipitation (R2 = 0.70). Outside of the protected area, the fused EVI demonstrated a substantial increase from 2000 to 2010 due to agricultural land expansion and human management practices, followed by stabilization post-2010. These findings enhance our comprehension of intricate vegetation dynamics in the YRD, holding significant relevance in terms of wetland preservation and management.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNatural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (grant number ZR2022QD118) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 42201312 and 32271678)en_US
dc.description.versionPeer Revieweden_US
dc.identifier.citationNiu, Z.; Si, B.; Li, D.; Zhao, Y.; Hou, X.; Li, L.;Wang, B.; Song, B.; Zhang, M.; Li, X.; et al. Spatiotemporal Variation in Driving Factors of Vegetation Dynamics in the Yellow River Delta Estuarine Wetlands from 2000 to 2020. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 4332. https:// doi.org/10.3390/rs15174332en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/rs15174332
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10388/15077
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 2.5 Canada*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ca/*
dc.subjectvegetation variationsen_US
dc.subjectspatiotemporal heterogeneityen_US
dc.subjectremote sensingen_US
dc.subjectfusionen_US
dc.subjectYellow River Deltaen_US
dc.titleSpatiotemporal Variation in Driving Factors of Vegetation Dynamics in the Yellow River Delta Estuarine Wetlands from 2000 to 2020en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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