Ecotoxicity of NSO-heterocycles (NSO-HET) and short-chained alkyl phenols (SCAP) commonly detected in contaminated groundwater
Date
2019
Authors
Brinkmann, Markus
Schneider, Anna-Lena
Bluhm, Kerstin
Schiwy, Sabrina
Lehmann, Gunnar
Deutschmann, Björn
Müller, Axel
Tiehm, Andreas
Hollert, Henner
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Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Article
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Abstract
Nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NSO-HETs) and short-chained alkyl phenols (SCAPs) are commonly detected in groundwater at contaminated sites and in the surrounding environment. It is now scientific consensus that these chemicals pose a risk to human and ecosystem health. However, toxicity data are comparably fragmentary, and only few studies have addressed the ecotoxicity of NSO-HETs and SCAPs in a systematic and comparative fashion. To overcome this shortcoming, we tested 18 SCAPs, 16 NSO-HETs, as well as the homocyclic hydrocarbons indane and indene in the Microtox® assay with Aliivibrio fischeri, the growth inhibition test with Desmodesmus subspicatus, the acute immobilization assay with Daphnia magna, as well as the fish embryo toxicity test with embryos of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Because of the physicochemical properties of the tested chemicals (limited water solubility, volatility, and sorption to test vessels), actual exposure concentrations in test media and their dissipation over time were analytically quantified by means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Analytically corrected effect levels (median effect and lethal concentrations) ranged from 0.017 to 180 mg L–1, underlining the environmental relevance of some NSO-HETs and SCAPs. Para-substituted phenols showed the overall greatest toxicities in all 4 toxicity tests. We provide, for the first time, a complete high-quality data set in support of better environmental risk assessments of these chemicals.
Description
This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Brinkmann, M., Schneider, A.-L., Bluhm, K., Schiwy, S., Lehmann, G., Deutschmann, B., Müller, A., Tiehm, A. and Hollert, H. (2019), Ecotoxicity of Nitrogen, Sulfur, or Oxygen Heterocycles and Short-Chained Alkyl Phenols Commonly Detected in Contaminated Groundwater. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38: 1343-1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4423, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4423. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Keywords
SCAP, NSO-HET, Hetero-PAH, ecotoxicology, biotest
Citation
Brinkmann, M., Schneider, A.-L., Bluhm, K., Schiwy, S., Lehmann, G., Deutschmann, B., Müller, A., Tiehm, A. and Hollert, H. (2019), Ecotoxicity of Nitrogen, Sulfur, or Oxygen Heterocycles and Short-Chained Alkyl Phenols Commonly Detected in Contaminated Groundwater. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38: 1343-1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4423
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Citation
Brinkmann, M., Schneider, A.-L., Bluhm, K., Schiwy, S., Lehmann, G., Deutschmann, B., Müller, A., Tiehm, A. and Hollert, H. (2019), Ecotoxicity of Nitrogen, Sulfur, or Oxygen Heterocycles and Short-Chained Alkyl Phenols Commonly Detected in Contaminated Groundwater. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38: 1343-1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4423
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DOI
10.1002/etc.4423