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A Review of Health Risks and Pathways for Exposure to Wastewater Use in Agriculture

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dc.contributor.authorDickin, Sarah K
dc.contributor.authorSchuster Wallace, Corinne
dc.contributor.authorQadir, Manzoor
dc.contributor.authorPizzacalla, Katherine
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-31T19:59:31Z
dc.date.available2024-01-31T19:59:31Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionEHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.
dc.description.abstractBackground: Wastewater is increasingly being used in the agricultural sector to cope with the depletion of freshwater resources as well as water stress linked to changing climate conditions. As wastewater irrigation expands, research focusing on the human health risks is critical because exposure to a range of contaminants must be weighed with the benefits to food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Objectives: The goal of this paper was to review research examining health risks and exposure pathways associated with wastewater irrigation to identify research trends and gaps. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature and identified a total of 126 studies published from 1995 to 2013. Findings were summarized based on several themes including types of exposure pathways, wastewater contaminants, methodological approaches and the geographical distribution of research. Results: Only 23 studies used epidemiological methods, while most research applied alternative methods to estimate risk, such as quantitative risk assessment models or comparisons of crop contamination to established guidelines for wastewater reuse. A geographic breakdown demonstrated a focus on microbiological contaminants in specific regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, despite growing chemical risks associated with rapid urbanization and industrialization that may change the types and distribution of wastewater contaminants. Conclusions: To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the health risks of wastewater use in agriculture, future research should consider multiple exposure routes, long-term health implications, and increase the range of contaminants studied, particularly in regions heavily dependent on wastewater irrigation.
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.identifier.citationDickin, S. K., Schuster-Wallace, C. J., Qadir, M., & Pizzacalla, K. (2016). A review of health risks and pathways for exposure to wastewater use in agriculture. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(7), 900–909. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509995
dc.identifier.doi10.1289/ehp.1509995.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10388/15476
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.subjectwastewater
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectirrigation
dc.subjecthealth risks
dc.titleA Review of Health Risks and Pathways for Exposure to Wastewater Use in Agriculture
dc.typeReview

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