The effects of cohesion and psychological climate on male ice hockey players' perceived effort and intention to return
Date
1999
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
ORCID
Type
Degree Level
Masters
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two group-based
perceptions (i.e., cohesion and psychological climate) and two forms of
individual adherence behavior (i.e., intention to return and perceived effort). More
specifically, the objectives of this thesis were (a) to examine the relationship between
perceptions of cohesion and psychological climate and the adherence measurement of
intention to return and (b) to examine the relationship between perceptions of cohesion
and psychological climate and the adherence measurement of perceived effort.
Male ice hockey players (n = 194) were administered the Group Environment
Questionnaire to assess cohesion, a modified version of the Psychological Climate
Questionnaire to assess psychological climate, a modified version of the Perceived
Effort Questionnaire to assess effort and an Intention to Return Questionnaire during the
last two weeks of the ice hockey season. Results from a series of multiple regression
analyses revealed that selected perceptions of both cohesion and psychological climate
predicted perceived effort. Specifically, it was found that the cohesion subscale Group
Integration-Task successfully predicted individual perceived effort, F (4, 188) = 9.44, p
< .001 (accounting for 17% of the total variance), with those ice hockey players
reporting a greater attraction to the group's task also being the ones who reported the
greatest individual effort. In terms of psychological climate, the subscale of role clarity
predicted perceived effort, F (4, 187) = 10.66, p < .001 (accounting for 19% of the total
variance) with male ice hockey players reporting greater perceptions of role clarity also
being the ones indicating greater perceptions of individual effort. Similar to the results
for the adherence measurement of perceived effort, both perceptions of cohesion and psychological climate predicted intention to return. The cohesion subscale of Individual
Attractions to Group-Social, F (4, 144) = 6.48, p < .001, significantly predicted
intention to return for another season accounting for 15% of the total variance.
Specifically, those ice hockey players reporting a greater attraction to the group socially
were the ones indicating a greater intention to return to participate the following season. In terms of psychological climate, the subscales of role clarity and self-expression
predicted intention to return, F (4, 143) = 6.26, p < .001, accounting for 15% of the total
variance. This indicates that male ice hockey players reporting greater perceptions of
role clarity and self-expression also were the ones who indicated a greater intention to
return to participate the following season. As a secondary objective, the relative
contributions of cohesion and psychological climate to adherence behavior also were
examined. The results indicated that both perceptions of cohesion (i.e., Group
Integration-Task) and psychological climate (i.e., role clarity) added unique variance to
perceived effort. Similarly, both perceptions of cohesion (i.e., Individual Attractions to
Group-Social) and psychological climate (i.e., role clarity) added unique variance to
intention to return. These results suggest that both perceptions of cohesion and
psychological climate are salient in examining adherence behavior. Practical
implications and future directions also are discussed.
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Degree
Master of Science (M.Sc.)
Department
College of Kinesiology
Program
College of Kinesiology