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Determination of the role and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-25 during mouse secondary palate formation

dc.contributor.advisorNazarali, Adil J.en_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberKrone, Paten_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberKrol, Ed S.en_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberDobson, Roy T.en_US
dc.creatorBrown, Graham Douglasen_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-07-16T13:18:39Zen_US
dc.date.accessioned2013-01-04T04:45:04Z
dc.date.available2010-08-06T08:00:00Zen_US
dc.date.available2013-01-04T04:45:04Z
dc.date.created2009en_US
dc.date.issued2009en_US
dc.date.submitted2009en_US
dc.description.abstractDevelopment of the secondary palate (SP) is a complex event despite the small area it encompasses. Problems with SP development can lead to a cleft palate, which is one of the most common birth disorders. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for proper SP development, but a functional role for any one of them remains unknown. MMP-25 is a candidate MMP to have a functional role in SP formation as genetic scans of the DNA of human cleft palate patients indicate a common mutation at a region upstream of the Mmp-25 gene. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate gene expression of Mmp-25 in the developing mouse SP, whether it has a functional role in mouse SP development and begin to identify factors potentially upstream of Mmp-25 expression. Mmp-25 mRNA and protein is found at all SP developmental stages in mice with highest expression at embryonic day (E) 13.5 when analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry localizes MMP-25 protein primarily to the plasma membranes of palate shelf epithelial cells with secondary expression in apical mesenchymal cells. Mmp-25 knockdown with siRNA in palatal cultures resulted in a significant decrease in palate shelf fusion and persistence of the medial edge epithelium in vitro. Mmp-25 mRNA and protein levels are significantly decreased in vitro when cultured palate shelves are incubated in growth medium with 5 ìg/ml of a TGFâ3-neutralizing antibody. Mmp-25 gene expression is highest at E12.5 and E13.5, which corresponds to increasing palate shelf growth downward alongside the tongue. Immunohistochemistry localized MMP-25 protein expression predominantly in the epithelium of the palate shelves, but also in areas of the mesenchyme that were immediately adjacent to the epithelium and apical in location. Knockdown of Mmp-25 expression resulted in palate shelf fusion being impaired and significant medial edge epithelium remaining in contacted areas. Bioneutralization of TGFâ3 resulted in a significant decrease in Mmp-25 gene expression. These data suggest a functional role for MMP-25 in mouse SP development by removing extra-cellular matrix barriers to increased palate shelf growth and place its expression downstream of TGF-â3 signaling. This is the first research to present a role for a single MMP in mouse SP development.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07162009-131839en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectEmbryogenesisen_US
dc.subjectcleft palateen_US
dc.subjectsecondary palateen_US
dc.subjectmatrix metalloproteinase-25en_US
dc.subjectextra-cellular matrixen_US
dc.titleDetermination of the role and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-25 during mouse secondary palate formationen_US
dc.type.genreThesisen_US
dc.type.materialtexten_US
thesis.degree.departmentCollege of Pharmacy and Nutritionen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineCollege of Pharmacy and Nutritionen_US
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Saskatchewanen_US
thesis.degree.levelMastersen_US
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (M.Sc.)en_US

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