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SECOND ORDER LOAD FLOW TECHNIQUES

Date

1975-12

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Degree Level

Masters

Abstract

Real and reactive power injections into a bus, which are functions of magnitudes and phase angles of bus voltages, can be expressed as Taylor's series in the neighborhood of estimated values. Using the first three terms of this series, a second order load flow model has been developed in this thesis. An algorithm has also been devised to solve this model. In this algorithm, the state vector is first calculated by a conventional Newton-Raphson load flow iteration. Using the calculated values of the state vector and the elements of the Jacobian matrix, second order terms are estimated and subtracted from the residual vector. The modified residual vector obtained in this manner is then used to compute the new state vector. This procedure is repeated until the elements of the latest state vector are within permissible tolerance. The magnitudes and phase angles of the bus voltages are then updated. The total procedure is then repeated until a converged solution is obtained. Six simplified versions of the second order algorithm have also been investigated. In addition to the Second Order Load Flow technique, a decoupled second order load flow model has been derived. An algorithm based on this approach has also been suggested. Two modified versions of the decoupled second order load flow algorithm have also been investigated. The proposed second order and decoupled second order load flow algorithms have been used for computing load flows of nine test systems. The results of these studies are presented in this thesis and are compared with those of the Newton-Raphson and the decoupled load flow techniques.

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Degree

Master of Science (M.Sc.)

Department

Electrical Engineering

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